An emerging New Paradigm: Aging and disease result from …

1. Genomic instability caused by DNA damage
2. Deterioration of telomeres, the protective endcaps of chromosomes
3. Alterations of the epigenome that controls which genes are turned on and off
4. Loss of healthy protein maintenance, known as proteostasis
5. Deregulated nutrient sensing caused by metabolic changes
6. Mitochondrial dysfunction
7. Accumulation of senescent zombielike cells that inflame healthy cells
8. Exhaustion of stem cells
9. Altered intercellular communication and the production of inflammatory molecules

Nine Hallmarks of Aging in Lifespan [2019, pg 19], by David Sinclair PhD Also see Technical Appendix at end of presentation